The Future of E-Paper: A Technology Assessment and Market Forecast

Amazon's Kindle e-book reader is selling well. Rollable e-paper displays will be on the market this year. Serious progress is being made towards color e-paper displays. Clearly, e-paper is now well on its way to becoming a viable consumer technology. This report from NanoMarkets analyzes the new market environment for e-paper, assesses the latest technology and provides a quantitative and qualitative forecast for shipments of e-paper products of all kinds ranging from book readers and flexible mobile displays to signage and smart shelving.

This new NanoMarkets report also examines the many uncertainties and challenges that beset the e-paper market. With e-paper now well into the commercialization phase, one key objective of this report will be to project performance improvements expected over the next eight years and assess the marketing importance of such factors as flexibility, system architecture, resolutions, backplane switching speeds, and color capability.

The report also examines which e-paper technologies will be successful and why. Many of the successes of e-paper to date have come from offerings using electrophoretic technology. So what is the future of the many competing technologies such cholesteric LCDs or electrochromic. Also, many of the products being designed with e-paper are entirely novel and have no established markets. How can these markets be successfully created and new supply chains built?

NanoMarkets has been covering the e-paper market for almost four years and this report is a follow-on from our successful 2007 e-paper report. It provides our views on the latest product announcements and provides special focus on the future of color e-paper and flexible displays. We also examine in-depth the latest thinking on manufacturing processes and materials used to get e-paper to the market. Finally, the report provides strategic profiles of the leading providers of e-paper and a detailed eight-year market forecast of e-paper markets, broken out by application, materials and technology.
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Executive Summary
E.1 Introduction
E.2 E-Paper Capabilities
E.2.1 Optical Performance
E.2.2 Color
E.2.3 Power
E.2.4 Speed
E.2.5 Manufacturing Cost
E.3 Key Players and Technologies
E.3.1 Evolution of an E-Paper Supply Chain
E.4 E-Paper Markets
E.4.1 Electronic Signage
E.4.2 Portable Electronics
E.4.3 Disposable Electronics
E.5 Summary of Eight-Year Forecasts

Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Towards a Definition of E-paper
1.2 A Growing Slate of Technologies, and Competitors
1.3 Why E-Paper Now?
1.4 E-Paper Applications
1.5 Technology Directions for E-Paper
1.6 Objectives and Scope of this Report
1.7 Methodology of this Report
1.8 Plan of this Report

Chapter Two: Technical Trends in E-Paper
2.1 Introduction: The Rise of E-Paper
2.2 A Class Called E-Paper
2.3 Many Paths to E-Paper
2.4 Performance Metrics
2.4.1 Optical Characteristics
2.4.2 Cranking Out Color
2.4.3 The Power Picture
2.4.4 The Speed Story
2.4.5 Other Metrics
2.5 E-Paper Varieties
2.5.1 EPDs
2.5.2 Electrochromic Displays (ECDs)
2.5.3 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays (ChLCDs)
2.5.4 Bistable Nematic LCDs
2.5.5 Electrowetting Displays (EWDs)
2.5.6 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Displays
2.6 Key Points in this Chapter

Chapter Three: E-Paper Market Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Tags, Labels and Signage
3.2.1 Information Signs
3.2.2 Smart Tags and Labels
3.2.3 Advertising and Promotional Signs
3.2.4 Billboards
3.3 Mobile Displays
3.3.1 E-Book Readers
3.3.2 Niche Handheld Applications
3.3.3 Mobile Phones
3.4 Disposable Products
3.4.1 Smartcards
3.4.2 Smart Packaging
3.5 Clocks and Watches
3.6 Other E-Paper Applications
3.6.1 Computer Peripherals
3.6.2 Products Requiring Flexible Substrates
3.7 Summary of Key Points in this Chapter

Chapter Four: Company Profiles
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Acreo AB (ECD)
4.3 Aveso Inc. (ECD)
4.3.1 First ECD Products
4.3.2 Next Steps
4.4 Bridgestone Corp. (EPD)
4.4.1 Going Flexible
4.5 Dai Nippon Printing Company, Ltd. (Various)
4.6 E Ink Corporation (EPD)
4.7 Fuji Xerox (ChLCD)
4.8 Fujitsu Frontech (ChLCD)
4.9 Kent Displays Inc.
4.9.1 E-Paper Products
4.10 Liquavista
4.10.1 Product Platforms
4.11 Magink Display Technologies (ChLCD Billboards)
4.12 Nemoptic (Bistable TN LCD)
4.12.1 BiNem Products and Partnerships
4.12.2 Moving Forward
4.13 Ntera (ECD)
4.14 Polymer Vision (Rollable EPDs)
4.15 Prime View International (EPD, EWD, MEMS, et al)
4.16 Qualcomm MEMS Technologies, Inc. (MEMS)
4.17 Siemens (ECD)
4.18 SiPix Imaging Inc. (EPD)
4.19 Toppan Printing Company, Ltd. (EPD et al)
4.20 Varitronix International Ltd. (Bistable TN LCD, ChLCD)
4.21 ZBD Displays Ltd. (Bistable TN LCD)

Chapter Five: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper Market
5.1 Forecasting Methodology
5.1.1 How Much Confidence Should You Have in These Forecasts?
5.1.2 Changes from Previous NanoMarkets Forecasts of E-Paper
5.2 Signage
5.2.1 Outdoor Displays
5.2.2 Indoor Information and Advertising Displays
5.2.3 Smart Shelves, Electronic Shelf Labels and POP Displays
5.3 Computing and Communications
5.3.1 E-Book Readers
5.3.2 Cell Phone Main and Sub-Displays
5.3.3 Other Handheld Devices
5.3.4 Laptop and Desktop Computers
5.4 Disposable Electronics
5.4.1 Smartcards
5.4.2 Smart Packaging
5.5 Other Applications
5.6 Summary of Projections
5.7 Forecast of E-Paper Markets by Technology
5.8 Forecast of Intrinsically Flexible E-Paper Markets

Appendix: Acronym Guide
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Exhibit E-1: Summary of E-Paper Revenues ($ Millions)
Exhibit 2-1: E-Paper Technologies Compared- Part I
Exhibit 2-2: E-Paper Technologies Compared- Part II
Exhibit 2-3: Simple Acreo ECD Graphic
Exhibit 2-4: Ntera ECD Clock
Exhibit 2-5: SiPix Smart Area-Color Label
Exhibit 2-6: E-Paper and its Backplanes
Exhibit 2-7: E Ink EPD Principle
Exhibit 2-8: Flexible E Ink Sign
Exhibit 2-9: Prime View EPD Modules
Exhibit2-10: SiPix Imaging's EPD Microcups
Exhibit 2-11: AM Microcup EPD with Area Color
Exhibit 2-12: R2R Manufacturing of Passive Microcups
Exhibit 2-13: Acreo ECD on Paper with Organic Electrodes
Exhibit 2-14: Acreo ECD Newspaper Demo
Exhibit 2-15: Aveso ECD Smartcard Module
Exhibit 2-16: Aveso ECD in Wearable Computer for Soldiers
Exhibit 2-17: Ntera ECD Principle
Exhibit 2-18: Ntera ECDs Pass Lamination Test
Exhibit 2-19: Example ChLCD Architecture
Exhibit 2-20: Varitronix 2-Color ChLCD Modules
Exhibit 2-21: Modular ChLCD Tiles
Exhibit 2-22: Magink's Outdoor ChLCD Billboards
Exhibit 2-23: Tiled Matrix Characteristics
Exhibit 2-24: Flexible Kent ChLCD
Exhibit 2-25: Curved ChLCD on Inhaler
Exhibit 2-26: BiNem Operating Principle
Exhibit 2-27: ZBD Display Principle
Exhibit 2-28: Demo EWD Watch
Exhibit 2-29: Demo EWD Clock
Exhibit 2-30: IMOD Operating Principle
Exhibit 2-31: IMOD Demo Cell Phone
Exhibit 3-1: Reflective E-Paper Enables Outdoor Operation
Exhibit 3-2: Applications of E-Paper
Exhibit 3-3: Common Signage Types
Exhibit 3-4: Drivers for E-Paper in Three Signage Markets
Exhibit 3-5: Kent InfoSign Example
Exhibit 3-6: ChLCD Public Information Board
Exhibit 3-7: Paper Labels in Grocery Applications
Exhibit 3-8: Where POP Pays Off
Exhibit 3-9: Simple ECD Tag
Exhibit 3-10: Dot-Matrix Smart Label
Exhibit 3-11: Bistable LCD POP/POS Sign
Exhibit 3-12: Area-Color POP/POS Sign
Exhibit 3-13: Tiled Indoor ChLCD Display
Exhibit 3-14: Tiled Outdoor ChLCD Billboard
Exhibit 3-15: Honeywell Military E-Book
Exhibit 3-16: A Sampling of E-Book Readers
Exhibit 3-17: Cell Phone Display Comparison
Exhibit 3-18: Market Drivers for Display Cards
Exhibit 3-19: Benefits of One-Time Password Cards
Exhibit 3-20: Citizen Shows Flexible E Ink Clock
Exhibit 3-21: Plastic Logic/ E Ink E-Newspaper Demo
Exhibit 4-1: A Sampling of E-Paper Relationships
Exhibit 5-1: Addressable Market for E-Paper in Signage Applications (Millions of Units)
Exhibit 5-2: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Outdoor Billboards and Advertising
Exhibit 5-3: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Indoor Advertising
Exhibit 5-4: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Indoor Information Displays
Exhibit 5-5: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in ESLs and POP Displays
Exhibit 5-6: Eight-Year Forecasts of Market for E-Paper E-Book Readers
Exhibit 5-7: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Cell Phones
Exhibit 5-8: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Other Handhelds
Exhibit 5-9: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Computers and Peripherals
Exhibit 5-10: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Smartcards
Exhibit 5-11: Eight-Year Forecasts of E-Paper in Smart Packaging
Exhibit 5-12: Summary of E-Paper Revenues ($ Million)
Exhibit 5-13: Forecast of E-Paper Applications by Technology ($ Millions)
Exhibit 5-14: Forecast of Intrinsically Flexible Displays
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