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Nuclear Cardiology Markets
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Nuclear imaging for cardiac diseases helps in accurately diagnosing the disease and blood flow blockages. Gamma cameras and positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are the key imaging devices used.....
Nuclear imaging for cardiac diseases helps in accurately diagnosing the disease and blood flow blockages. Gamma cameras and positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are the key imaging devices used for cardiac procedures. Though nuclear imaging in cardiology faces competition from other methods, the impact is relatively limited. Demand for diagnostic medical imaging equipment is mainly driven by the number of diagnostic procedures. The application of PET's clinical use, its combined use with other imaging equipment and the current shift to PET/CT imaging and SPECT/CT imaging are the important factors driving the dramatic rise in procedural volumes. This TriMark Publications study discusses key products in nuclear cardiology and examines the trends that are stimulating this market. This market research report includes a survey of all major companies actively engaged in marketing, manufacturing or developing nuclear cardiological instrumentation, with each company discussed in depth. The primarily focus on three major segments of the nuclear cardiology market: 1) devices, 2) PACS (picture archiving and communications systems) and RIS (radiology information systems) and 3) radiopharmaceuticals. This examination discusses products, trends, new developments and compensation issues that are currently affecting or are likely to affect the nuclear cardiology market soon. Detailed tables and charts with sales forecasts and market share data are also included. [Studien Infos ausblenden] |
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1. Overview 14 1.2 Scope 15 1.3 Methodology 15 1.4 Executive Summary 17 2. Overview of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) 19 2.1 Heart Diseases in Men 20 2.2 Heart Diseases in Women 21 2.3 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in the U.S. 22 2.3.1 Prevalence of CVD in Ethnic Groups: U.S. 23 2.3.2 Global CVD Mortality 24 2.3.3 Economic Cost of CVD in the U.S. 26 2.3.4 CVD Mortality in Europe 26 2.4 CVD Mortality in China 28 2.5 CVD Prevalence and Mortality in India 28 2.6 Aneurysm 29 2.6.1 Detection of Aneurysm 29 2.7 Angina 31 2.7.1 Prevalence of Angina 32 2.8 Atherosclerosis 32 2.8.1 Imaging of Atherosclerosis 33 2.9 Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) 33 2.9.1 Embolic Stroke 34 2.9.2 Cerebral Hemorrhage 34 2.9.3 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 34 2.9.4 Imaging Devices Used for Detecting Stroke 34 2.10 Congestive Heart Failure 35 2.10.1 Imaging Modalities Used for the Detection of Congestive Heart Failure 35 2.11 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 35 2.11.1 Imaging of CAD 36 2.12 Nuclear Imaging for Heart Diseases 37 2.12.1 Technological Advances in Nuclear Cardiology 37 2.12.1.1 Development of New Pharmacologic Stress Agents and Protocols 37 2.12.1.2 Development of New Tracers 38 2.12.1.3 New Computer Algorithms and Tools 39 2.12.1.3 New Gamma Camera Technology 39 2.12.1.4 Hybrid Systems and Image Fusion 39 2.13 Trends in Cardiac Imaging 40 3. Popular Modalities Used in Nuclear Cardiology 42 3.1 SPECT/CT 42 3.1.1 General Architecture of SPECT/CT 43 3.1.2 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: CT Based Attenuation Correction 44 3.1.4 SPECT/CT for Cardiac Disease Detection: An Economic Conundrum 45 3.1.4.1 SPECT/CT from the Physician�s Point of View 45 3.1.4.2 Cost Effectiveness vs. Cost and Reimbursement 45 3.1.4.3 Factors to Drive Sales and Utilization of SPECT/CT 46 3.1.4.4 Newer SPECT Cameras 46 3.1.4.5 New Ultrafast Camera Designs 47 3.1.4.6 Basic Design of a Gamma Camera 47 3.2 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 48 3.2.1 Basic Design of a PET System 49 3.2.2 Application of PET in Cardiology 50 3.2.3 PET and Heart Disease Diagnosis 50 3.2.4 PET and Heart Disease Staging 51 3.2.5 Reimbursement Cuts for Cardiac PET in 2011 52 3.2.6 Growth of PET in Cardiology 53 3.2.6.1 PET/CT Hybridization 54 3.2.6.2 Cost Considerations in PET Scanners 54 3.2.7 PET/CT in Cardiology 55 3.2.7.1 Positron Emitting Tracers 56 3.3.1 The Resting Electrocardiogram (ECG) 57 3.3.2 The Exercise Stress Test (Treadmill Stress Test, TMT) 57 3.3.3 Echocardiography 57 3.3.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 59 3.3.5 Multi-slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) 60 3.3.6 Contrast Coronary Angiography (CA) and Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) 60 4. Nuclear Medicine 61 4.1 Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals 61 4.2 Suppliers of Radioisotopes 62 4.3 Isotopes Used in Medicine 62 4.4 Cyclotron Radioisotopes 63 4.5 Radiopharmaceuticals in PET Imaging 64 4.6 Radiopharmaceuticals for Clinical Cardiac PET Imaging 64 4.6.1 Nitrogen-13 Ammonia 64 4.6.2 Rubidium-82 65 4.6.3 Oxygen-15 Water 65 4.6.4 Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose 65 4.7 Generator Produced PET Radiopharmaceuticals 65 4.8 Radiopharmaceuticals in SPECT 66 5. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in Cardiology 67 5.1 Trends in Cardiology PACS 67 5.1.1 Remote Reading of PACS 67 5.1.2 Double-Digit Growth in CardioPACS 67 6. Advances in Nuclear Cardiology 68 6.1 Myocardial Function 68 6.2 Myocardial Perfusion 68 6.3 Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT 68 6.4 Advances in Software for Gated SPECT 69 6.5 Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT in the Era of Multi-Detector CT 69 6.6 PET and Imaging of Myocardial Metabolism 69 6.7 Imaging Myocardial Innervation 70 6.8 Radionuclide Imaging of Atherosclerotic Lesions 70 6.9 Stem Cell Imaging 70 6.10 Gene Therapy 70 7. Current Status of Nuclear Cardiology 71 7.1 Current Status of Nuclear Cardiology in Asia 71 7.2 Current Status of Nuclear Cardiology in Europe 71 7.2.1 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 72 7.3 Current Status of Nuclear Cardiology in Latin America 73 7.4 Current Status of Nuclear Cardiology in North America 74 8. Nuclear Cardiology: Market Analysis 75 8.1 Global Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology 76 8.1.1 Future of Global Nuclear Cardiology Utilization 76 8.1.2 Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology Procedures in Developed Countries 77 8.1.3 Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology Procedures in Latin America 78 8.1.4 Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology Procedures in Asia/Oceania 79 8.1.5 Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology in Africa 80 8.2 Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology vs. Mortality Rate 81 8.3 Cost Effectiveness in Nuclear Cardiology 81 8.4 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries 81 8.5 Global Opportunities for Nuclear Cardiology Products 81 8.6 Global Market for SPECT/PET 82 8.7 SPECT/PET Technology 82 8.8 Competition in Nuclear Cardiology Market 84 8.9 Global Market for SPECT 84 8.10 Product Comparisons of Gamma Cameras 85 8.10.1 Mobile Gamma Cameras 85 8.10.2 SPECT Cameras 85 8.10.3 Purchase Considerations for SPECT Cameras 86 8.10.4 Cost Containment 86 8.11 Need for Dedicated PET Devices for Cardiac Imaging 88 8.12 Market for PET Imaging Systems 88 8.12.1 Growth Rate for PET Cameras 89 8.12.2 The Decline of SPECT 90 8.12.3 PET-Only vs. PET/CT 91 8.12.4 The Different Paths of SPECT/CT and PET/CT 92 8.13 U.S. Market for PET 93 8.14 PET Market in Europe 93 8.14.1 European Market for Nuclear Imaging Equipment 95 8.14.2 Nuclear Imaging Market Leaders in Europe 95 8.14.3 European Market for PET/CT 96 8.14.4 European Market for SPECT/CT 97 8.14.5 Nuclear Imaging System Market in Germany 97 8.14.6 Nuclear Imaging System Market in France 98 8.14.7 Nuclear Imaging System Market in the U.K. 98 8.14.8 Nuclear Imaging System Market in Italy 99 8.15 PET Services in Europe 99 8.15.1 PET Services in England 99 8.16 SPECT vs. PET in Nuclear Cardiology 102 8.16.1 Future of SPECT and PET 102 8.17 Hybrid Economics 103 8.17.1 Hybrid Optimization 104 8.17.2 Image Quality 104 8.17.3 Rapid Growth of Radio Tracers 104 8.18 U.S. Market for SPECT and PET Radiopharmaceuticals 104 8.19 U.S. Reimbursement for Nuclear Cardiology Procedures 105 8.20 FDG Utilization in Europe 106 8.21 Future of Radiopharmaceutical Tracers 107 8.22 Global Market for Mo-99/Tc-99m 108 8.22.1 Global Demand for Mo-99 by Geography 109 8.23 Impact of Technetium Shortage on Cardiology Procedures 109 8.23.1 Global Impact 110 8.23.2 Popular Uses of Technetium-99M 113 8.24 FDA-Approved Radiopharmaceuticals 114 8.25 Cardiology Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (Cardiology PACS) 117 8.25.1 Growth of Cardiology PACS 117 8.25.2 Global Market for Cardiology PACS 118 8.25.3 U.S. Market for Cardiology PACS 119 8.26 General Medical Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) 121 8.26.1 PACS Adoption 121 8.26.2 Global Market for PACS 121 8.27 PACS Installations in U.S. Hospitals 123 8.27.1 PACS Modality Installations 125 8.27.2 PACS Vendor Market Share 126 8.27.3 PACS Image Distribution 127 8.28 European Market for PACS 129 8.29 PACS in India 130 8.29.1 Market Insight 130 8.30 Healthcare IT 132 8.30.1 Hospital Information System (HIS) 133 8.30.2 Electronic Medical Records (EMR) 133 8.30.3 U.S. HIS Market 134 8.30.4 U.S. Healthcare IT Industry 135 9. Company Profiles 136 9.1 3mensio Medical Imaging BV 136 9.1.1 3mensio Vascular 136 9.1.3 3mensio SDK 136 9.1.4 3mensio Valves 136 9.2 AccuSync Medical Research Corporation 136 9.2.1 AccuSync 42 136 9.2.2 SpectroAnalyser 137 9.3 Astellas Pharma US, Inc. 137 9.3.1 Adenoscan (Adenosine) 137 9.3.2 Lexiscan 138 9.4 Bracco Diagnostics, Inc. 138 9.4.1 CardioGen-82 138 9.5 Capintec, Inc. 138 9.5.1 CapIMAGE SFOV Gamma Camera 139 9.6 Cardinal Health, Inc. 139 9.6.1 Cardinal�s Cardiology Solutions 139 9.6.1.1 LABStart 139 9.6.1.2 LABComplete 140 9.6.1.3 LABManage 141 9.6.1.4 CardioWriter 142 9.7 Covidien, PLC 142 9.7.1 Covidien�s Nuclear Medicine Products 142 9.7.1.1 Duosafe 142 9.7.1.2 Indium In 111 Chloride Sterile Solution 143 9.7.1.3 Octreoscan 143 9.7.1.4 Sodium Iodide I 131 Capsules 143 9.7.1.5 Technescan HDP 144 9.7.1.6 Thallous Chloride TI 201 144 9.7.1.7 The Ultra-Technekow Dry-Top Eluting (DTE) 144 9.7.1.8 Gallium Citrate Ga 67 Injection 145 9.7.1.9 Tc 99m Sestamibi 145 9.7.1.10 Sodium iodide I-123 145 9.7.1.11 Technescan MAG3 146 9.7.1.12 Technescan PYP 146 9.7.1.13 Ultratag RBC 146 9.8 Digirad Corporation 147 9.8.1 Cardius 2M XPO 147 9.8.2 Cardius 3 XPO 147 9.8.3 Cardius x.act 148 9.9 FluoroPharma, Inc. 148 9.9.1 FluoroPharma�s Technology 148 9.9.1.1 CardioPET 148 9.9.1.2 BFPET 149 9.9.1.3 VasoPET 149 9.10 Fujifilm Medical Systems USA, Inc. 149 9.10.1 Fujifilm�s Cardiology Products 149 9.10.1.1 Synapse Cardiovascular 149 9.10.1.2 Corridor4DM 150 9.11 GE Healthcare 150 9.11.1 CardIQ Function Xpress 150 9.11.2 CardIQ Fusion 150 9.11.3 ReportCard 4 151 9.11.4 CardIQ Physio 151 9.11.5 Innova EPVision 151 9.11.6 SmartScore 4.0 152 9.11.7 Dynamic VUE 152 9.11.8 Flow Analysis 4 152 9.11.9 Left Ventricle Analysis 153 9.11.10 StarMap 4 153 9.11.11 Stenosis Analysis 153 9.11.12 BrightSpeed Elite 16 slice 154 9.11.13 BrightSpeed Edge Select 8 Slices 154 9.11.14 HiSpeed CT/e (Single Slice) 154 9.11.15 LightSpeed Xtra 155 9.11.17 Ambulatory ECG-Holter 155 9.11.18 MAC Resting ECG 156 9.11.19 Discovery MR750 156 9.11.20 Discovery MR450 156 9.12 GVI Medical Devices 161 9.12.1 ClearVision 161 9.12.2 mSPECT 161 9.12.3 OnePass 162 9.13 Hermes Medical Solutions, Inc. 162 9.13.1 Hermes� Cardiology Products 163 9.13.1.1 QBS - Blood Pool Gated SPECT Analysis 163 9.13.1.2 Hermes Hybrid Recon 163 9.13.1.3 FBP - Filtered Backprojection SPECT Reconstruction 164 9.13.1.4 FUGA - Gated Heart Analysis 164 9.13.1.5 HOSEM - Iterative Reconstruction 165 9.13.1.6 PERFIT - Cardiac Perfusion Analysis 165 9.13.1.7 QGS - Gated SPECT Ejection Fraction Analysis 166 9.13.1.8 QPS - Quantitative Perfusion SPECT 166 9.13.1.9 Quick Cardiac 166 9.13.1.10 Static Study Display 167 9.13.1.11 Volume Display 167 9.14 Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. 167 9.14.1 Ablavar 167 9.14.2 Definity (Perflutren Lipid Microsphere) 168 9.14.3 Cardiolite 168 9.14.4 Vialmix 168 9.15 Medisco Imaging 168 9.15.1 Spirit DH-V 168 9.15.2 Cardio-C 169 9.15.3 CardioSPECT D90 169 9.15.4 Nucline AP 169 9.15.5 X-Ring/R 170 9.15.6 X-Ring/4R 170 9.15.7 Nucline TH 171 9.16 MIM Software, Inc. 171 9.16.1 MIMfusion 171 9.16.2 MIMcardiac 172 9.16.3 MIMviewer 172 9.16.4 MIM Storage Server 173 9.17 Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd. 173 9.17.1 Truesight PET 173 9.17.2 BeyondImage Workstation 174 9.17.3 CardioCARE 174 9.17.4 PETCare 175 9.18 Numa, Inc. 175 9.18.1 NumaLink 175 9.18.2 NumaList 176 9.18.3 NumaList Plus 176 9.18.5 NumaRead 177 9.18.6 NumaServer 177 9.18.7 NumaManage 178 9.18.8 Numa�s Core Lab System 178 9.19 Thinking Systems Corporation 179 9.19.1 MDStation 179 9.19.2 MDStation for PET and PET/CT 179 9.20 UltraSPECT, Ltd. 180 9.20.l Xpress.Cardiac 180 9.20.1 Xpress3.Cardiac 180 9.21 Merge Healthcare, Inc. 180 9.21.1 Merge ECM 181 9.21.2 Fusion PACS Archive 181 9.21.3 Merge Cardio 181 9.21.4 Merge Hemo 181 9.21.5 AMICAS PACS 181 9.21.6 Fusion Workstation 182 9.21.2 Fusion PACS GL 182 9.22 Pharmalucence, Inc. 182 9.22.1 Sestamibi 182 9.22.2 Mebrofenin 182 9.22.3 Pyrophosphate Injection 182 9.22.4 Pentetate Injection 183 9.22.3 Hepatolite 183 9.22.4 Medronate 183 9.22.5 Sulfur Colloid 183 9.23 Philips Healthcare 184 9.24 Positron Corporation 186 9.24.1 Attrius 187 9.24.2 Cardio-Assist 187 9.24.3 Radiopharmaceuticals 187 9.24.4 Tech-Assist 188 9.25 Segami Corporation 188 9.25.1 Segami�s Workstations 188 9.25.1.1 Oasis 188 9.25.1.2 Mirage 188 9.25.1.3 Acquisition 188 9.25.2 Segami�s Viewing Stations 189 9.25.2.1 DGSCOPE 189 9.25.2.2 VebVue 189 9.26 Siemens Healthcare 189 9.26.1 Siemens� Cardiology Products 190 9.26.1.1 Artis zeego 190 9.26.1.2 AXIOM Artis U 190 9.26.1.3 Artis zee 190 9.26.2 Siemens� Molecular Imaging Products 191 9.26.2.1 Biograph TruePoint PET/CT 191 9.26.2.2 syngo.via 191 9.26.2.3 Symbia T 191 9.26.2.4 Symbia T16 192 9.26.2.5 Symbia S 192 9.26.2.6 Symbia T2 192 9.26.2.7 Symbia T6 193 9.26.2.8 Symbia E 193 9.26.2.9 c.cam 193 9.26.2.10 Symbia.net 194 9.26.3 Siemens� Cardiology Reading Solutions 194 9.26.3.1 Syngo Cardiology Engines 194 9.26.3.2 syngo Multimodality Workplace (MMWP) 194 9.26.3.3 syngo MI Workplace (MIWP) 195 9.27 Shimadzu Corporation 195 9.27.1 Shimadzu�s Angiography Systems 195 9.27.1.1 BRANSIST safire HF9/HC9 Slender 195 9.27.1.2 BRANSIST safire HB9 Slender 196 9.27.1.3 BRANSIST safire VB9 Slender 196 9.27.1.4 BRANSIST safire VF17 196 9.27.1.5 BRANSIST safire VC17 197 9.27.1.6 HeartSpeed 10F/10C 197 9.27.1.7 CvisionPLUS 197 9.28 Spacelabs Healthcare, Inc. 198 9.28.1 Sentinel 198 9.29 Spectrum Dynamics 198 9.29.1 D SPECT 199 9.30 Syntermed, Inc. 199 9.30.1 Emory Cardiac Toolbox 199 9.30.2 Syntermed Live 199 9.30.3 Nuclear Report Professional (NRP) 199 APPENDIX Appendix 1: ASNC Imaging Guidelines for Nuclear Cardiology Procedures 200 Appendix 1.1: PET and PET/CT Instrumentation 200 Appendix 1.2: PET Imaging-Crystal Types 200 Appendix 1.3: PET TOF Imaging 200 Appendix 1.4: PET/CT Imaging 200 Appendix 1.5: PET Imaging-Attenuation Correction 201 Appendix 1.6: PET QC Procedures 201 Appendix 1.7: CT QC Procedures 201 Appendix 1.8: Combined PET/CT QC Procedures 202 Appendix 1.9: Attenuation Correction 202 Appendix 1.10: Rb-82 Perfusion Imaging 203 Appendix 1.11: N-13 Ammonia Perfusion Imaging 204 Appendix 1.12: F-18 FDG Metabolism Imaging 204 Appendix 2: Supply of Radioisotopes for Medical Use 207 Appendix 2.1: Nuclear Medicine 207 Appendix 2.2: In Vivo Nuclear Medicine Procedures in Numbers 207 Appendix 2.3: Current In Vivo Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Procedures 208 Appendix 2.4: Conventional Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine (Gamma/SPECT Imaging) 208 Appendix 2.4.1: Technetium-99M (Tc-99M) 209 Appendix 2.5: Recently Developed Diagnostic Methods: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 209 Appendix 2.6: Impact of Radioisotope Shortages in Different Countries 209 Appendix 2.7: Current Supply Situation 210 Appendix 2.8: Research Reactors Producing Molybdenum-99 210 Appendix 2.9: Expected Use of Imaging Modalities in the Future 212 Appendix 3: The Medical Isotope Crisis 214 Appendix 3.1: Production and Separation Facilities 214 Appendix 3.2: The Crisis 215 Appendix 3.3: Status of Production Facilities in Operation 215 Appendix 3.4: New Projects 216 Appendix 4: Impact of CMS Changes and Healthcare Legislation on Nuclear Cardiology 217 Appendix 4.1: Reduction in Nuclear Cardiology Payments 217 Appendix 4.2: 2011 Physician Fee Schedule 218 Appendix 4.3: Hospital Reimbursement 218 Appendix 5: History and Development of PET 219 Appendix 5.1: Pioneering Ideas for PET 219 Appendix 5.2: The Development of PET 219 Appendix 5.3: PET�s Advancements and Performance in Research Sector 220 Appendix 5.4: PET�s Progression in the Clinical Sector 220 Appendix 5.5: PET�s Advancements of 1990s 221 Appendix 5.6: PET�s Ability to Identify Pathophysiology 221 Appendix 5.7: PET/CT Scanner in 2000s 221 Appendix 5.8: How PET Works 222 Appendix 5.8.1: Coincidence Detection 223 Appendix 5.8.2: Coincidence Imaging 224 Appendix 5.9: PET Scan Modes 225 Appendix 5.10: Obstacles to the Widespread Use of PET 225 Appendix 5.11: Dedicated PET Equipment 226 Appendix 6: Current State of the Art of PACS 227 Appendix 6.1: Components and Architecture of PACS 227 Appendix 6.2: Image Acquisition Component 227 Appendix 6.3: PACS Controller 228 Appendix 6.4: Database Server and Archiving System 228 Appendix 6.5: Short-Term Archive 228 Appendix 6.6: Long-Term Archive 228 Appendix 6.7: Workstations 229 Appendix 6.8: Network 230 Appendix 6.9: Communication Protocols 231 Appendix 6.9.1: DICOM Standard 231 Appendix 6.9.2: HL7 Standard 231 Appendix 6.10: Other Related Systems 232 Appendix 6.10.1: Hospital Information System (HIS) 232 Appendix 6.10.2: Radiology Information System (RIS) 232 Appendix 6.11: Current PACS Products and Software 232 Appendix 6.11.1: Agfa: IMPAX 6 232 Appendix 6.11.2: Siemens Syngo Suite 233 Appendix 6.11.3: OpenSourcePACS 234 Appendix 6.12: Future Trends and Developments in PACS 234 Appendix 7: Glossary of Terms 236 Appendix 8: Abbreviation Guide for Cardiovascular Terms 244 Appendix 9: Molybdenum-99 Production, 2010-2020 248 Appendix 9.1: The Challenges and the Needs for Radionuclides (2010-2020) 248 Appendix 9.2: Long Term: Structural Supply Shortage 248 Appendix 9.3: Radionuclides Demand for Medical Purposes 249 Appendix 9.3.1: Conventional Nuclear Medicine Procedures Using 99mTc/99Mo (1990-2020) 249 Appendix 9.3.2: Global Market for 99mTc/99Mo, 1990-2020 249 Appendix 9.3.3: Growth of 99Mo Requirements, 1990-2020 250 [Inhaltsverzeichnis ausblenden] |
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Figure 2.1: Cardiovascular Disease: The Single Largest Cause of Mortality in Adults 19 Figure 2.2: Prevalence of CVD in Four of the Ethnic Groups in the U.S. 20 Figure 2.3: Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults Age 20 and Older by Age and Sex 23 Figure 2.4: CVD Deaths vs. Cancer Deaths in the U.S. 25 Figure 2.5: Percentage Breakdown of Deaths from Cardiovascular Diseases 25 Figure 2.6: Costs of Major Cardiovascular Diseases in the U.S., 2010 26 Figure 2.7: Leading Causes of Death of European Men 27 Figure 2.8: Leading Causes of Death of European Women 27 Figure 2.9: Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates for Aortic Aneurysm per 100,000 30 Figure 2.10: Prevalence of Aneurysm by Age and Smoking History 31 Figure 2.11: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Angina in Men and Women Aged 20 and Over in the U.S. 32 Figure 3.1: Cardiac PET HOPPS Payments in the U.S., 2008-2011 52 Figure 3.2: Sensitivity of MPS and Echocardiography Using Different Types of Stress 58 Figure 3.3: Specificity of MPS and Echocardiography Using Different Types of Stress 59 Figure 7.1: Increasing Number of Heart Failures in Europe, 2010-2020 72 Figure 7.2: CVD in Middle Income Countries 73 Figure 7.3: CVD in Developed Countries 74 Figure 8.1: Nuclear Cardiology Procedures per 100,000 of Population per Year for Developing vs. Developed Countries 76 Figure 8.2: Future of Nuclear Cardiology in 2014 77 Figure 8.3: Approximate Use of Cardiac Diagnostic Testing, U.S. 77 Figure 8.4: Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology in Developed Countries 78 Figure 8.5: Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology in Latin America 79 Figure 8.6: Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology in Asia/Oceania 80 Figure 8.7: Utilization of Nuclear Cardiology in Africa 80 Figure 8.8: Global Market for PET/SPECT, 2010-2016 82 Figure 8.9: Overall Global Installed Bases of PET/SPECT Systems, 2010-2016 83 Figure 8.10: Global SPECT Market, 2010-2017 84 Figure 8.11: Global Market for PET Scanners, 2010-2017 89 Figure 8.12: Projected Market Share of PET and SPECT in 2020 90 Figure 8.13: Growth Rate for PET and SPECT, 2011-2020 91 Figure 8.14: Number of Cameras: SPECT Switching to PET, 2011-2020 91 Figure 8.15: Estimated Cameras Installed-Base in Nuclear Cardiology, 2011-2020 92 Figure 8.16: U.S. Market for PET, 2009-2017 93 Figure 8.17: Location of PET Centers in Europe, 2010 94 Figure 8.18: Growth of Cyclotron Units in Europe, 2000-2010 94 Figure 8.19: European Market for Nuclear Imaging Equipment, 2010-2016 95 Figure 8.20: European Nuclear Imaging Market Share by Company, 2010 96 Figure 8.21: European Nuclear Imaging System Market for PET/CT, 2010-2017 96 Figure 8.22: European Market for SPECT/CT, 2010-2017 97 Figure 8.23: Nuclear Imaging Market in Germany, 2010-2017 97 Figure 8.24: Nuclear Imaging System Market in France, 2010-2017 98 Figure 8.25: Nuclear Imaging System Market in the U.K. 98 Figure 8.26: Nuclear Imaging System Market in Italy, 2010-20017 99 Figure 8.27: PET Studies per Million Populations in Europe 101 Figure 8.28: U.S. Market for SPECT and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, 2009-2017 105 Figure 8.29: Global Demand Trend for Mo-99/Tc-99m 108 Figure 8.30: Global Market for Mo-99 by Geography/Country, 2009 109 Figure 8.31: Composition of Nuclear Medical Procedures Where Technetium-99Mo Is Predominant 111 Figure 8.32: Approximate Global Demand for Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99 112 Figure 8.33: Cardiology PACS Market Share by Company, 2010 118 Figure 8.34: Global Cardiology PACS Market, 2010-2016 119 Figure 8.35: U.S. Cardiology PACS Market Share % by Vendors, 2010 120 Figure 8.36: Global Market for PACS, 2010-2016 123 Figure 8.37: Number of U.S. Hospitals with PACS Installed 123 Figure 8.38: Total Number of U.S. Hospitals vs. Hospitals with PACS Installed 124 Figure 8.39: PACS Replacement and New Purchases 125 Figure 8.40: PACS Modality Installations 125 Figure 8.41: PACS Vendor Market Share 126 Figure 8.42: PACS Image Distribution in Hospital Departments 127 Figure 8.43: PACS Images Accessibility by Physicians 128 Figure 8.44: RIS and PACS Interface 129 Figure 8.45: European PACS Market, 2010-2016 129 Figure 8.46: RIS/PACS Market in India 131 Figure 8.47: Total PACS Market in India 131 Figure 8.48: Leading Healthcare IT Solution: Global Vendors 132 Figure 8.49: Global Market for Hospital Information System, 2009-2016 133 Figure 8.50: Global Market for EMR, 2009-2016 134 Figure 8.51: U.S. Market for Hospital Information System (HIS), 2009-2016 134 Figure 8.52: North American Hospital IT Market ($2.7 Billion), 2010 135 Figure App. 2.1: Number of In Vivo Procedures Performed Globally 208 Figure App. 2.2: Impact of Supply Shortage in 34 European Countries, 2008 209 Figure App. 2.3: Estimation of the Relative Use of Modalities in 2008, 2015 and 2025 212 Figure App. 2.4: Estimation of the Use of Imaging Modalities in 2008, 2015 and 2025 213 Figure App. 2.5: Break-down of the Shares of SPECT Modalities 213 Figure App. 5.1: Schematic of Smart Scanner 222 Figure App. 5.2: CT Image, PET Image and Fused Image 222 Figure App. 5.3: Collision of a Positron and Electron and the Two Resultant Gamma Rays 223 Figure App. 5.4: Discharge of Two Gamma Rays at 1800 223 Figure App. 5.5: Coincidence Detection 224 Figure App. 5.6: A Sinogram with Coincidence Lines 225 Figure App. 9.1: Global Number of Nuclear Medicine Procedures Using 99mTc/99Mo, 1990-2020 250 Figure App. 9.2: Weekly Quantities of 99Mo Delivered to End-Users Worldwide, 1990-2020 250 Figure App. 9.3: Quantity of 99Mo Delivered to End-Users by Geography, 2007 251 Figure App. 9.4: Regional Shares of Reactor Production of 99Mo, 2007 251 Figure App. 9.5: Regional Shares of Reactor Production & Requirements of 99Mo, 2007 252 Figure App. 9.6: Regional shares of reactor production & requirements of 99Mo, 2008 253 Table 2.1: Males and Cardiovascular Diseases in the U.S. 21 Table 2.2: Females and Cardiovascular Diseases in the U.S. 22 Table 2.3: Ethnic Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases in the U.S. 24 Table 2.4: Forecasting the Prevalence Rate (%) of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in India, 2000-2015 28 Table 2.5: Forecasting of Cases of Stroke in India 29 Table 3.1: Characteristics of SPECT vs. PET 55 Table 3.2: Characteristics of Positron Emitting Tracers Used in PET Perfusion Imaging 56 Table 8.1: PET scanning Facilities in England 100 Table 8.2: PET scanning Facilities in Europe 101 Table 8.3: Medicare Physician Fee Schedule for Nuclear Cardiology Procedures 105 Table 8.4: Reimbursement for Cardiac CT Procedures 106 Table 8.5: Reimbursement for Stress Tests 106 Table 8.6: Radiopharmaceuticals in Clinical Use in European Countries 107 Table 8.7: Useful Radionuclides for Molecular Imaging 107 Table 8.8: Worldwide Production Capacity of 99Mo, 2009 110 Table 8.9: Small-Scale Producers of 99Mo, 2010 110 Table 8.10: Nuclear Medicine Procedures that Use 99mTc 113 Table 8.11: FDA-Approved Radiopharmaceuticals as of August 3, 2010 114 Table 9.1: The Complete List of Medical Imaging Products from GE Healthcare 157 Table 9.2: Philips� Computed Tomography Systems 184 Table 9.3: Philips� Nuclear Medicine Products 185 Table 9.4: Philips� Radiography Systems 185 Table 9.5: Philips� Radiography/Fluoroscopy Products 186 Table 9.6: Philips� Magnetic Resonance Imaging Products 186 Table App. 1.1: Suggested QC procedures for Dedicated PET Imaging Devices 201 Table App. 1.2: CT QC Procedures 201 Table App. 1.3: Schedule of CT QC for PET/CT Units 202 Table App. 1.4: Schedule of CT QC for PET/CT units 202 Table App. 1.5: General Guidelines for CT-Based Transmission Imaging 202 Table App. 1.6: Rb-82 Rest/Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Guideline for BGO PET Imaging Systems 203 Table App. 1.7: Rb-82 Rest/Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Guideline for GSO PET Imaging Systems 203 Table App. 1.8: N-13 Ammonia Cardiac Perfusion Studies 204 Table App. 1.9: FDG cardiac PET: Patient Preparation Guidelines: An Overview 205 Table App. 1.10: Guidelines for Blood Glucose Maintenance 205 Table App. 1.11: FDG Cardiac PET: Acquisition Guidelines for Dedicated, Multicrystal PET Scanner 205 Table App. 1.12: Semiquantitative Scoring System of Defect Severity and Extent 206 Table App. 2.1: Research Reactors Producing Radioisotopes 210 Table App. 3.1: Global Reactor Landscape 214 Table App. 3.2: Global Share of Nuclear Medicine by Reactor, 2009 215 Table App. 4.1: New CPT Codes and Global Payments for SPECT MPI Procedures, 2010 217 Table App. 4.2: CPT Code Changes and Payments for SPECT MPI Hospital-Based Procedures, 2010 218 Table App. 9.1: Radionuclides for Which Supply Is Believed to be in Jeopardy in 2010-2020 249 [Tabellenverzeichnis ausblenden] |
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